24考研题源外刊阅读《科学家》双语精读版训练

发布日期：2025-01-04 09:26    点击次数：90

为了让大家第一时间看到优质考研内容千万！千万！千万！记得【星标】或【置顶】考研外刊阅读每晚20:00，外刊君陪你考研中国高翻团队倾力之作全文字数：1726字阅读时间：16分钟上期翻译答案A diner could thus “stimulatesweetness receptors ... without actual injection of sugar or artificial sweeteners,” the team explained during the 2022 Biodesign Sprint, an online educational competition in which researchers pitch ideas that can be turned into commercial realities.用餐的人因此可以“刺激甜味感受器……无需实际摄入糖或人工甜味剂，”该团队在2022年生物设计冲刺上解释道，这是一场线上教育竞赛，。。。研究人员在竞赛中推销他们那些能够转化为商业现实的想法。。。研究人员营销的想法可以转化为商业现实。1.pitch: to try to persuade someone to do business with you, buy something etc《本期内容》双语阅读Researchers found that shifted sleep/wake cycles in young rats result in increased functional deficits and mortality following stroke later in life. Ourcircadianrhythms, or body clocks, are governed by light-dark cycles and play an important role in human health. However,shift work, or working outside of the hours of 7 AM to 6 PM, results in adesynchronizationof these rhythms. This dysregulation is implicated in multiple human disorders including cancers, metabolic disease, obesity, diabetes, andvasculardiseases.研究人员发现，年轻小鼠的睡眠/清醒周期变化会导致晚年中风后的功能缺陷和死亡率增加。我们的昼夜节律，或生物钟，受明暗周期的控制，在人类健康中发挥着重要作用。但是，倒班或在早7点晚6点以外的时间工作，会导致节律失调。这种失调与多种人类疾病有关，包括癌症、代谢性疾病、肥胖、糖尿病以及血管类疾病。However, existing studies are unable to separate disease risk from other factors such as smoking or socioeconomic status. With remote work becoming the norm, the study of inconsistent sleep-wake schedules and their effect on our health will only become more important.然而，现有研究无法将（这种因素的）疾病风险与吸烟或社会经济地位等其他因素分开。随着远程工作成为常态，研究不断变化的睡觉/清醒作息表及其对我们健康的影响将变得愈发重要。In a 2016 study, Earnest and his colleagues successfully showed that strokes had more severe outcomes in rats who experienced light-dark cycle shifts similar to humans in shift work positions.However, he wanted to see whether these effects would persist later in life when stroke risks are higher. In a study recently published in Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, Earnest and his group found that circadian rhythm dysregulation in rats not only increases stroke severity immediately, but can also affect stroke outcomes later in life.翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~然而，他想观察这些影响是否会在中风风险更高的后期仍旧存在。在最近发表在《睡眠和昼夜节律的神经生物学》杂志上的一项研究中，欧内斯特和他的团队发现，小鼠的昼夜节律失调不仅会立即增加中风的严重程度，还会影响后期的中风症状。Shift work occurs most often between 16 and 24 years of age, whereas strokes are more likely to occur in middle age when individuals typically move to a more common work schedule. Earnest and his group replicated this by exposing younger rats to shifting light-dark cycles and then returning them to consistent light-dark cycles until they reached the equivalent of human middle age.轮班工作最常发生在16至24岁之间，而中风更可能发生在中年，此时人们通常会转而从事作息更常规的工作。欧内斯特和他的团队通过将较年轻的小鼠暴露在不断变化的明暗周期下，然后让它们回到稳定不变的明暗周期下，直到它们生长到相当于人类中年的阶段，通过这种方式重现了人的工作变化情况。The researchers found that when they induced stroke following this protocol, the rats had increased functional deficits and mortality when compared to rats that did not experiencecycle shifts. This effect was specifically amplified in females and showed that even if shift work ends at an early age, it can have significant effects later in life.研究人员发现，当按照该方案诱发中风时，与没有经历明暗周期变化的小鼠相比，其功能缺陷和死亡率增加。这种效应在女性中尤其凸显了，并且表明即使轮班工作在年轻时就结束了，也会对以后的生活造成显著影响。本文节选自：The Scientist （科学家）发布时间：2023.01.12作者：The Scientist原文标题：Shift Work Early in Life Results in Increased Stroke Severity in Middle Age词汇积累1.circadian英/ sɜːˈkeɪdiən /美/ sɜːrˈkeɪdiən /adj.生理节奏的（指与地球二十四小时运转联系的新陈代谢、内分泌作用及睡眠等节奏有关的）；以24小时为周期的2.desynchronization英/ diːsɪŋkrənaɪˈzeɪʃən /美/ diːˌsɪŋkrənəˈzeɪʃn /n.[生理] 去同步化；去同步作用；失调3.vascular英/ ˈvæskjələ(r) /美/ ˈvæskjələr /adj.[生物] 血管的词组搭配1.shift work 轮班工作；倒班，换岗2.cycle shift 循环移位；周期变化写作句总结原句：This effect was specifically amplified in females and showed that even if shift work ends at an early age, it can have significant effects later in life.结构：This effect was specifically amplified in sb and showed that even if do sth, it can have significant effects.例句：This effect was specifically amplified in children and showed that even if small changes are made to their environment, it can have significant effects.打卡作业在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。（戳码回复“J88”）点击领取1998-2021经济人学杂志PDF，附双语版+词汇• END •排版/外刊君图片/来源网络中国高翻小组